DESCRIPTION

Protoporphyrin IX (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) is a nonpathogenic, nontoxigenic green algae used as a sustainable source of protein in foods.

In order to mimic meat-like qualities, a strain rich in protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), an endogenous heme/chlorophyll precursor, was developed using an evolution and selection strategy, and investigations were carried out to evaluate the safety of the novel strain, C. reinhardtii (red), strain TAI114 (TAI114).

Digestibility and proteomic evaluations were conducted to determine whether any potentially allergenic or toxic proteins occurred as the result of the mutation process.

The genotoxic potential of pure PPIX was evaluated using a bacterial reverse mutation test, an in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test, and an in vivo mammalian micronucleus test.

Finally, the novel TAI114 biomass was evaluated for general toxicity and identification of target organs in a 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicity study in rats. All proteins were rapidly degraded in pepsin at pH 2.0 suggesting low allergenic potential.

The proteomic evaluation indicated that TAI114 biomass contains typical C. reinhardtii proteins.

PPIX was unequivocally negative for genotoxic potential and no target organs were observed in rats up to the maximum feasible dose of 4000 mg/kg bw/day.

It was determined to be the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL).

These results support the further development and risk characterization of TAI114 biomass as a novel ingredient for use in the meat analogue category of food.

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